The Three Primary Raw Materials That Define Washi's Character

The main raw materials used in Echizen washi are the bast fibers (jinpi) from three types of plants: kozo, mitsumata, and gampi. Each of these fibers has distinct characteristics that significantly influence the properties of the finished paper. Artisans use these materials individually or blend them, depending on the intended use and desired quality of the washi they aim to create.

Kozo, a plant in the mulberry family, has thick, long fibers, allowing it to produce incredibly durable paper. Due to its high strength and resilience, it is widely used for applications requiring physical toughness, such as shoji (sliding screen) paper, printmaking paper, and calligraphy paper. It is also relatively easy to cultivate and can be harvested annually, making it a stable source of raw material for washi.

Mitsumata, a plant in the Thymelaeaceae family, is famous as the primary raw material for Bank of Japan notes—in other words, banknotes. Its fibers are shorter and softer than kozo and have a characteristic luster. Paper made from mitsumata has a smooth surface, is highly suitable for printing, and possesses a fine, elegant texture, making it ideal for high-end printing paper and fusuma (sliding door) paper. However, it is also susceptible to pests and requires significant effort to cultivate.

Gampi, like mitsumata, belongs to the Thymelaeaceae family, but its fibers are characterized by being extremely fine and short. Paper made from gampi is thin yet strong and resistant to insect damage, making it suitable for long-term preservation. Its surface is fine and smooth with a unique sheen, and it has long been treated as a raw material for high-grade washi. In particular, the highest quality washi, known as "鳥の子紙 (torinoko-gami)," primarily uses gampi. However, gampi is extremely difficult to cultivate artificially and must be harvested from wild plants growing in the mountains. This rarity further enhances the value of washi made from gampi.